The Case for Christ

BOOK SUMMARY The Case for Christ Lee Strobel. Pub. Zondervan Publishing phratry About the Author Lee Strobel, Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School. Award-winning journalist & investigative reporter for 13 yrs. at the Chicago Tribune. Pg. 303. His conduct changes when his wife finds a Christian. He fears he will lose the fun-loving companion and friend he has kn deliver for years, still instead he is surprised by subtle changes in her character. This not only intrigues him but prompts him to learn to a greater extent just about messiah by using the same logical and factual snuggle he follows bit tending as an investigative crime reporter.He starts his learning quest as an unconvinced skeptic. His underlying question is, Can a case for Christ be made beyond a reasonable doubt? To answer this, he sets out on a fact-finding mission. For nearly two years, he interviews numerous subject matter experts and biblical scholars to answer his questions with facts and evidence. His skills in investigative reporting help unc all over the truth regarding the reliability of the gospels. fundament Who is saviour? This comes down to two answers This man was, and is, the Son of God or else a madman or something worse. Part 1 Examining the RecordTimeframe Skeptics Some scholars verbalise the gospels were written so far by and by the events that legend developed and distorted what was finally written down, turning Jesus from merely a sagacious teacher into the mythological Son of God. Pg. 32 Answers The standard scholarly dating is that Acts was written by Luke in A. D. 61-63, because Paul was still living and under thunder mug arrest in Rome. Since Acts is the 2nd of a two-part work, we know the initiatory part the gospel of Luke must bemuse been written earlier than that. And since Luke incorporates parts of the gospel of Mark, that federal agency Mark is even earlier.So if you allow one year for each writing, you end up with Mark written no later t han about A. D. 60, a maximum gap of 30 yrs. after Jesus death. Pg. 34 Thats still within the life eras of unhomogeneous eyewitnesses of the life of Jesus, including hostile eyewitnesses who would have served as a corrective if false teachings about Jesus were going around. Pg. 33. Eyewitness testimony is the key here. The two earliest biographies of Alexander the Great were written by Arrian and Plutarch more than 400 years after Alexanders death in 323 B. C. , yet historiographers consider them to be trustworthy.So whether the gospels were written 60 yrs. or 30 yrs. after the life of Jesus, the mount of time is negligible by comparison. Pg. 33. Character Test The gospel writers had nobody to gain except criticism, ostracism, and martyrdom. The certainly had nothing to win financially. If anything this would have provided pressure to keep quiet, to deny Jesus, to downplay him, even to forget they ever met himyet, because of their integrity, they proclaimed what they saw. Pg. 4 8. Eleven apostles were put to grisly deaths, which show trench conviction for what they believed and were preaching regarding Jesus. Pg. 45 Consistency The gospels are extremely consistent with each another(prenominal) by ancient standards, which are the only standards by which its fair to judge them. Pg. 45 If the gospels were identical or too consistent, this would have raised awareness that the authors had conspired among themselves to coordinate their stories in advance, and that would have model doubt on them. Pg. 45 The Adverse Witness Test Many people had reasons for wanting to discredit this movement and would have through so if they could have simply told history better. Pg. 51. Yet, look what his opponents did say.In later Jewish literature Jesus is vocaled a sorcerer who led Israel astraywhich acknowledges that he really did work marvelous wonders, although the writers dispute the source of his power. They never say he did not work the written miracles. If critics cou ld have attacked the movement on the basis that it was full of falsehoods or distortions, they would have. But, thats exactly what we dont see. Pg. 51 Corroborating evidence outside the Bible Josephus, Jewish historian, A. D. 37-100 Wrote about Jewish wars that have corroborated by other historians and archaeological excavations.Pg. 81 Writes about James, comrade of Jesus, who was called the Christ. Stoned to death in A. D. 62. Pg. 78 Wrote about Jesus the tribe of his Christian followers that had still to this sidereal day not disappeared. Pg. 79 Tacitus, a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire, A. D. 56 117 Writes about Christ suffering extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the detention of Pontius Pilatus. Refers to an immense multitude of Christ followers unstrained to die for their beliefs. Pg. 82 Pliny the Younger, Roman citizen, and provincial governor, A.D. 23-79 Refers to rapid spread of Christianity among all classes of people, as well as Roman citi zens that are sent to Rome for trial. They have high ethical standards and if they repeatedly admit they honor Christ as God they are penalize. Thallus, a Greek historian, wrote in A. D. 52 a history of the Mediterranean world since the Trojan War. Referenced the total darkness at the time of the crucifixion. Pg. 84 Phlegon, a Greek author in A. D. 137 Reported about the greatest eclipse of the sun when it became night at noon in A. D. 33. Pg. 85The Mishnah, the 1st part of the Talmud, an important Jewish work compiled in A. D. 200 regarding Judaisms Oral Law Refers to Jesus as a false messiah who practiced wizardly and was justly condemned to death. Pg. 86 Key Findings So if we didnt have any New volition or other Christian writings, we could conclude from non-Christian historical writings that 1. Jesus was a Jewish teacher 2. Many believed he per takeed healings and exorcisms 3. Some believed he was the Messiah 4. He was rejected by Jewish leaders 5. He was crucified under P ontius Pilate in the reign of Tiberius 6.His followers spread beyond Palestine to in that respect were multitudes of them in Rome by A. D. 64 7. All types of people worshiped him as God. Pg. 87. The Scientific Evidence Archaeology found an inscription from the time of Tiberius, from A. D. 14-37 which names Lysanias as tetrarch in Abila near Damascusjust as Luke had written. Pg. 97 posterior mentions the Pool of Bethesda and details the pool had five porticoes. When archaeologists excavated in this location 40 feet below the ground, they found the pool site and 5 porticoes (walk ways) exactly as keister had described.A fragment copy of John 18 was found in Egypt that papyrologists have dated to about A. D. 125. Pg. 99 Part 2 Analyzing Jesus The someoneal identity Evidence of Gospel Writings The cross Pontius Pilate inscribed INRI, an acronym for Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews. Pg. 135 The Psychological Evidence Gary Collins, Dr. in clinical psychology. People suffering for m psychosis display inappropriate emotions such as anxiety, depression or even anger. Jesus did not display any such emotions nor did he exhibit the misperceptions that gadfly people suffering from psychosis. Jesus did not show any symptoms of mental illness.Jesus supported what he utter by his actionshealing, raising people from the beat(p) and the casting out of demons. Pg. 153 Prophesy Fulfillment Louis Lapides, Jewish convert to Christianity. Grew up thinking Jesus was more derogatory than anything else. After returning from Vietnam War, he experimented with various religions and drugs. Was challenged about his disbelief in Jesus which led him to read the Old Testament prophesies. Was amazed of all the prophesies that Jesus fulfilled Isaiah revealed the manner of the Messiahs birth (of a virgin) Micah pinpointed the adorn of his birth (Bethlehem)Genesis and Jeremiah specified his ancestry (a descendent of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, from the tribe of Judah, the house of David ) The Psalms foretold his betrayal, his accusation by false witnesses, his manner of death (pierced in the hands and feet, although crucifixion hadnt been invented yet), and his resurrection (he would not decay but would ascent on high) and on and on (p. 179). Lapides goes on to earn a bachelors degree in morality and a master of divinity of theology. Pg. 173 Part 3 Researching the ResurrectionTo establish that Jesus rose from the dead, one must first establish that he died on the cross. The aesculapian Evidence The gospels tell us that Jesus sweat blood. And being in anguish, he prayed more earnestly, and his sweat was care drops of blood falling to the ground. Luke 2244 Dr. Metherell, M. D. & PH. D. in Engineering. Pg. 193 In severe cases of anxiety, the body releases chemicals that break down the capillaries in the sweat glands. As a result, theres a minute amount of bleeding into these glands, and the sweat comes out tinged with a very small amount of blood. Pg. 195Accordin g to the Dr. , when Jesus was nailed to the cross, his arms would have immediately been stretched about 6 inches in length, and both shoulders would have become dislocated. This fulfilled the Old Testament prophesy in Psalm 22, which foretold the Crucifixion hundreds of years before it took place and says, My bones are out of joint. When Jesus suffocated on the cross, a Roman soldier indorseed it by thrusting a spear into his side, which likely went finished his lung and into the heart. When the spear was pulled out, clear fluid and a large volume of blood would have come out.Clear fluid from the lung and large amounts of blood from the heart. This was confirmed in John 1934 when John reported he saw blood and water come out Jesus side when the spear was removed. Pg. 199. The Dr. testified there would be no question that Jesus was dead at this point. Pg. 200. To speed up death, Romans would use a steel shaft to shatter the victims lower leg bones. This would prevent the victim fr om pushing up with his legs to breathe. Jesus legs were not broken, because the soldiers already determined that he was dead, and they just used the spear to confirm it.John 1932-36 This fulfilled another Old Testament prophesy about the Messiah, which is that his bones would remain unbroken. Ps 3420. Pg. 200 Roman soldiers had all incentive to ensure crucified prisoners were dead when removed from the cross, because they would be put to death if a prisoner escaped. Pg. 201. Last of all, if Jesus did not die, and he somehow walked outdoor(a) from the tomb, he would have been in such poor condition and looked so pitiful that his followers would have felt sorry for him and try to nurse him concealment to health.They would never have been prompted to start a worldwide movement based on the hope that someday they too would have a resurrected body like his. Pg. 202 The Evidence of the Missing Body Joseph of Arimathea takes to body of Jesus, puts it in a tomb, the tomb is visited by a small group of women followers of Jesus early on the Sunday morning following his crucifixion, and they find that the tomb is empty. They see a vision of angels saying that Jesus has risen (p. 215). Recorded in Acts 1329-31 and prophesied in Ps. 1610. Pg. 219.In the earliest Jewish writings, there was nobody claiming the tomb still contained Jesus body. The question always was, What happened to the body? The Jews proposed the guards of the tomb fell asleep, while the Christians proclaimed the guards were paid off to keep quiet. Pg. 221 The site of Jesus tomb was known to Christian and Jew alike. If it were not empty, it would have been impossible for a movement founded on belief in the Resurrection to have come into existence in the same city where this man had been publicly executed and buried. Pg. 20. The Evidence of Appearances Paul 5 B. C. 67 A. D. Wrote in both 1 Cor. 91 and in1 Cor. 158 where he personally encountered the resurrected Christ. Pg. 228. Persecuted Christians until his conversion sometime in A. D. 33. Refers to the fact that Jesus was a descendant of David, that he was the Messiah, that he was betrayed, that he was tried, crucified for our sins, and buried, and that he rose again on the third day and was seen by many peopleincluding James, the brother of Jesus who hadnt believed in him prior to his crucifixion. Pg. 8 1 Corinthians 158 is part of an early church creed. In this portion of Scripture, the post-resurrection Jesus is said to have appeared to Peter, the twelve, plus more than five hundred people some of whom were still alive at the writing of this epistle. People reading this at the time could still check with eye witnesses and question them if they wanted to confirm what it said. Pg. 229. This creed can be traced back to about A. D. 32 to 38 which subject matter it lends it credence as primitive, unembellished testimony about Jesus appearing to skeptics like Paul and James Pg. 30. Then they go on to cover the numerous sig htings by other eye-witnesses mentioned in the gospels and the book of Acts. Pg. 234. Were the appearances hallucinations? Dr. Gary Habermas, PH. D. , considered expert on the resurrection. He refutes the theory that the appearances were hallucinations because a hallucination is an individual experience that happens to one person at a time. Pg. 238 The Circumstantial Evidence J. P. Moreland, PH. D. Professor and author. When Jesus was crucified, his followers were discouraged and depressed.They no longer had confidence that Jesus had been sent by God, because they believed anyone crucified was anathemise by God. They also had been taught that God would not let his Messiah suffer death. So they dispersed. The Jesus movement was all but stopped in its tracks. Pg. 246 Then, after a short period of time, we see them abandoning their occupations, regathering, and committing themselves to spreading a very specific messagethat Jesus Christ was the Messiah of God who died on a cross, retu rned to life, and was seen alive by them. Pg. 247 And when youve got eleven credible people with no ulterior motives, with nothing to gain and a lot to lose, who all agree they observed something with their own eyesnow youve got some difficulty explaining that away Pg. 247. The Conversion of Skeptics The gospels tell us Jesus family, including James, was embarrassed by what he was claiming to be. Later the historian Josephus tells us that James was stoned to death because of his belief in his brother. Why did Jamess life change?Paul tells us the resurrected Jesus appeared to him. on that points no other explanation. Pg. 248 Saul executed Christians when he had the chance. Suddenly, he doesnt just ease off Christians but joins their movement. He writes that he saw the risen Christ and heard Christ appoint him to be one of his followers. Pg. 249 Revolutionizing Jewish Life for followers of Jesus Immediately after Jesus death, 10,000 Jews were willing to give up five key practices that had served them sociologically and theologically for many centuries 1.Jewish people no longer offered sacrifices they had been doing since the time of Abraham and Moses 2. You dont become an upcoming Jewish member simply by keeping Moses laws. 3. Worshipped on Sunday (when Jesus rose) instead of Saturday, a 1500 year tradition. 4. Began to worship Jesus as God (trinity) 5. The Messiah was someone who suffered and died for the sins of the world, whereas Jews had been trained to believe that the Messiah was going to be a political leader who would destroy the Roman armies. Pg. 251 polishSo lets revisit the underlying question of this book, Who is Jesus? Lee Strobel concluded the evidence of history and his own experiences was too strong to ignore. He made a personal decision to receive Christ. Later, his five-year-old daughter went up to his wife and said, Mommy, I want God to do for me what hes done for Daddy. This book has helped strengthen my faith in Christ, by highlightin g many intriguing historical facts and evidence that corroborates what is written in the Old and New Testament concerning Jesus.I will end with the books last paragraph which cites a quote from C. S. Lewis, an atheist and skeptical Cambridge University professor who was eventually won over by evidence for Jesus. C. S. Lewis is most notably known for his best-selling book series The Chronicles of Narnia. I am trying to prevent anyone saying the really absurd thing that people often say about Him Im ready to accept Jesus as a great moral teacher, but I dont accept His claim to be God. That is the one thing we must not say. A man ho was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a swashbuckleror else he would be the Devil of Hell. You must make your choice. Either this man was, and is, the Son of God or else a madman or something worse. You can shut Him up for a fool, you can spit at Him and kill Him as a demon or you c an fall at His feet and call Him Lord and God. But let us not come with any patronizing nonsense about His being a great human teacher. He has not left that open to us. He did not intend to. Pg. 271.